We can call the invention of language as the first and revolutionary phase of humanity in the field of communication and information technology. If there was no language, the man was still living in the stone age. Undoubtedly, the language made up of words is the biggest achievement of man, the source of progress and knowledge is the store of science. Language is a constantly evolving and changing process. Language itself has given man the ability to conceal philosophical ideas.
Information Technology's first bio-machine and memory chip
India and other languages of the world have got the distinction of being the author of the philosophical treatise Vedas. Vedas were initially oral. A very unique system was developed to keep the correct pronunciation of one word of the Vedas and to keep the right meaning of every word safe from generation to generation - a whole class of society was nominated for this Great Venture! It will not be unfair to call this class the first biological machine and memory chip of information technology.
From then on, the importance of the compilation of words and the need for the creation of the texts was recognized. The world's first thesaurus called 'NIGHANTU' came in the Vedic period. In this thesaurus, eighteen hundred Vedic words were compiled in the theme sequence. Prajapati Kashyap is credited with the composition of this. Maharishi Yask has explained the Vedic words of Nirukta and other Vedic words. It is the world's first semantics and Encyclopaedia of the erstwhile society.
Script exploration
The exploration of the script was the next transitional phase of the development of languages. People and religion scripts of Egypt, and images of China and Japan were based on symbols. Going beyond them, Greek, Cyrillic, Roman and Hebrew scripts of Europe and Central Asia were based on letters. Like him, but the right-hand letter Lippurashthi was born in Gandhara. Scripts like Arabic, Persian and Urdu are considered to be derived from this. In each of these letter scripts, each character is a symbol of a sound, but the pronunciation of many vowels and recipes is variable, such as the Roman 'C' or 'G' characters. Not only this, there is no reciprocal scientific order of the characters in their alphabet.
The rise of Brahmi script was another great contribution of India. The pronunciation of every character was ensured in this. Panini compiled all the vocabulary of Brahmi script 'अआइईउऊऋॠलृलॣएऐओअंअः' and 'कवर्ग, चवर्ग आदि कचटप' sections and after them 'यरलव' and 'शषसह' in order to give the alphabet the pronunciation in the covenant system. Devnagari, derived from this, is believed to be among the most scientific scripts from Tibetan to Thai script of Indian script family.
Making of Amarkosh
The script came in the form of texts by Amarsingh, the Trikand. Because of its singularity, this thesaurus is called Amarkosha itself in the name of its Author, just as today's English Thesaurus is called Rosette Thesaurus despite all its versions and variations. Handwritten copies were not easily available in that period. Therefore all the students had to memorize the texts. All such learners were used to facilitate remembering. As soon as one recollection of a verse or word of a shloka, the entire episode came to the memory. In this way, memory was the work of the Sequence section.
In Amarksha, 8000 (eight thousand) words have been chanted in 1502 (one thousand five hundred two) shlokas. These verses are divided into three condones, in which the total is 25 squares. Four of these classes are related to human society and their order has been kept in the order of Brahmin, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudra characters. Every topic takes you towards the affiliated or opposite topic.
Affected by the style of Amarkasha, Amir Khusro composed the bilingual dictionary (Persian-Hindi) exile in Persian. It is the world's first bilingual thesaurus. Along with Hindi, the Arabic group of Persian words came from the theme order. In copies of hand-made copies remained impaired. Being handwritten, they could not be available in a large number, and were very expensive too.
The emergence of printing technology
The biggest revolution since the exploration of the script was the start of printing technology in 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany. Then and nowadays, many printed materials were kept on a flat surface below, and the paper was kept on top of the ink. The paper was printed by bringing a flat panel from top to bottom. This work was done with pressure or pressure, so the name of this was printed 'press'. Due to the imprint in Hindi, it is called print shop.
Now the books started appearing easily, and the communication of information went a step further. Since then, it has become easier to reach different types of books on the various subjects, with reforms in the printing industry. The first books were religious, such as the Bible. Later, some fables and mystery stories began to appear. The number of literature came later. Slowly the cables began to appear. In Samuel 1755, Samuel Johnson's first English dictionary, A Dictionary of the English Language, was published. In 1828, proceeding further than this and publishing an Americon Dictionary of the English Language of the larger Noah Webber.
The kalpadrum and other kosh
Books printed initially in India were Bible translations. The thing could not have stopped here, did not stop. Indian soon began to bring her culture up to the printing press. Indian literature started to be transported to the people. Some very important printed Indian (Sanskrit and Hindi and English) dictionaries are as follows:
The word Kalpadrum (Sanskrit Kosh - eight volumes). King Radhakant Dev First Part 1822 - Eighth Last 1856
Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Sir Monier Monier-Williams 1872
A Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Vaman Shivaram Apte 1889
Sanskrit Hindi dictionary. Vaman Shivaram Apte
Hindi word sagar (eleven clause) Shyam Sunder Das Kashi Nagari Pracharikya Sabha
Great Hindi dictionary Gyan mandal Varanasi First edition 1954-55
Since then there have been many versions of this. Many prime editors. In my opinion this is the standard dictionary for the Hindi spelling. Arabic is not printed due to the Persian words, because of the bold type, but in the light type. There are authentic texts for damn words -
Urdu-Hindi word dictionary Muhammad Mustafa Khaan 'Maddah' Hindi Committee, Information Department, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Hindi encyclopedia Kamlapati Tripathi and Sudhakar Pandey Kashi Nagari Pracharikya Sabha
Comprehensive English-Hindi dictionary. Dr. Raghuveer
Bisiyan Technical Dictionary of Central Hindi Directorate
English-Hindi dictionary. Father Kamil Bulke
English-Hindi dictionary Dr. Hardev's exterior
Meenakshi Hindi-English dictionary Dr. Brajamohan - Dr. Badrinath Kapoor
Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary R.S. McGregor
nice
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